Polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD) is a hormonal disorder that affects women in their reproductive age. The reproductive system of women is controlled by the complex interplay of primarily five reproductive hormones namely estrogen, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, progesterone and luteinizing hormone. An imbalance within these hormones leads to a hormonal disorder called polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD).Polycystic ovaries may fail to develop follicles and regularly release eggs, causing difficulty in conceiving a pregnancy.
Prevalence
PCOS is a common health condition that affects teen and young women, An estimated one in five (20%) Indian women suffer from PCOD.
Causes
The actual causes of PCOD are still unknown ,but it occurs in association with low-grade inflammation, excess insulin, high quantity production of male hormones.Early age of menarche, unhealthy lifestyle and pollution are some of the contributing factors of PCOD
Symptoms
of PCOD include; Acne, Darkening of skin, Hirsutism (abnormal growth of hair on face and body),Irregular menstrual cycle, Polycystic ovaries, sometimes both ovaries may be involved (Bilateral Polycystic ovaries or ovarian cysts),Skin tags, thinning hair and Weight gain.
Complications
related to PCOD are Abnormal uterine bleeding, psychological disorders like depression and eating disorders, endometrial cancer, pregnancy induced or Gestational diabetes, Infertility, Metabolic syndrome, Miscarriage or premature birth, Non-alcoholic steatohepatitisand even Sleep apnea.
Diagnosis
The medical history is taken and presence of the symptoms that are mentioned earlier are noted.
Physical examination is done. Pelvic exam is required to assess the reproductive organs for masses, growths or other abnormalities
Ultrasound Test
is done to check the appearance of the ovaries and the thickness of the lining of your uterus.
Treatment
of PCOD primarily focuses on the management of underlying issues like infertility, obesity. Management is primarily with medications or lifestyle changes.
Some lifestyle modifications that can help in reducing the effects of PCOD are essential. Maintenance of a healthy weight, Diet management and physical activity are a few methods to be adopted.